NAD+ Pen Kit — 1000 mg / 3 ml

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a naturally occurring coenzyme found in living cells. Scientific literature describes it as a central participant in redox reactions, where it accepts and transfers electrons during metabolic processes involved in cellular energy conversion.

Beyond its redox role, NAD+ is used by several enzyme families, including sirtuins, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and CD38. These pathways are studied in relation to metabolic regulation, DNA repair, cellular signalling and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Research into NAD+ biology has expanded substantially as investigators examine how NAD+ availability changes across tissues and over the course of ageing.

It is important to distinguish the established biological functions of naturally occurring NAD+ from conclusions about any particular finished formulation. Published studies vary considerably in design and may investigate endogenous NAD+ metabolism, NAD+ precursors, direct NAD+ administration, cell models, animals or human participants. Findings from one compound form, administration route or experimental model should not automatically be applied to another.

This Nadura full pen kit contains a 3 ml cartridge providing 1000 mg of NAD+, together with a reusable metal pen, 20 ultra-comfort pen needles and 20 alcohol wipes. The complete format is intended for customers who require both the NAD+ cartridge and the compatible reusable pen system.

Store refrigerated between 2°C and 8°C. Do not freeze. Protect from light and keep out of reach of children. Refer to the instructions supplied with the product for handling information.

Scientific references

• NAD+ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing
• NAD+ homeostasis in health and disease
• ChEBI: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)

NAD+ functions primarily by cycling between its oxidised form, NAD+, and its reduced form, NADH. During pathways such as glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, NAD+ accepts electrons to form NADH. Those electrons can then contribute to mitochondrial processes involved in cellular energy conversion.

NAD+ also acts as a consumed substrate for enzyme families including sirtuins, PARPs and CD38. Through these NAD+-dependent reactions, the molecule is connected with areas of research that include gene regulation, DNA-damage responses, calcium signalling, metabolic adaptation and cellular stress responses.

These mechanisms describe the established biological roles of NAD+ within cells. They do not, by themselves, establish the effects or outcomes of a particular finished formulation.

Cellular energy metabolism

NAD+ is an essential redox coenzyme used throughout cellular metabolism. Its conversion between NAD+ and NADH helps transfer electrons between biochemical reactions and links nutrient metabolism with mitochondrial energy pathways.

NAD+-dependent enzyme activity

Sirtuins, PARPs and CD38 all use NAD+ as a substrate. These enzymes are studied in connection with metabolic regulation, chromatin biology, DNA repair, cellular signalling and responses to physiological stress.

Healthy-ageing research

Age-related changes in NAD+ availability have been reported across a range of experimental models and human tissues. This has led to continued research into NAD+ metabolism, biosynthesis, consumption and precursor compounds. The evidence base remains varied, and findings from preclinical studies or precursor research should not be treated as proof of a specific outcome from this finished product

1 × reusable Nadura metal pen
1 × NAD+ 1000 mg / 3 ml cartridge
20 × ultra-comfort pen needles
20 × alcohol wipes